Anglais Master1 Rel S2 - 2023 - 2024
Diagrama de temas
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Teacher : SADEK –Meriem Dalila mail :adel2004@live.fr
Teaching Unit: D
Coefficient :1 Credits:1
Global hourly volume in the first semester : 15 hours
Global weekly working hours 1h.30 mn
Evaluation method: written test
Course outline
The Course in English includes two parts, the first one is a political text dealing with a specific topic related to what the students are learning in “ Arabic”, and the second one is a number of activities to evaluate the learners’ understanding of the text and their different skills in matter of reading , listening, and writing.
The tasks given to the learners are about a variety of activities as follows:
1-An activity of comprehension asking the students to explain or give synonyms to different words that seem to be difficult to understand at first sight.
2-An activity of true or false to allows the teacher to check if the students have completely understood the text.
3- To give the students a number of statements or definitions and let them guess the expressions or terms corresponding to these statements.
4- Another activity that includes a paragraph with missing words and asking the learners to find the appropriate terms and to put them in the right place.
5-The course may also have an activity of written expression as asking the students to write an essay of few lines to discuss a topic linked to the studied text.
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The General objectives aspired in teaching (ESP) English for specific purpose as political English are as follows:
1-To help the students learn a second language.
1-To initiate the students to politics in English.
2-To develop basic language skills as reading, listening, and writing.
3-To develop their awareness of the importance of English as a means of international communication.
4-To develop positive attitude towards leaning English.
5-To develop language competence that enable the students to present the culture and civilization of their country to other nations.
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The students who are initiated in learning political English must have the following prerequisites:
1-The students must have at least a medium level in English to learn political English.
2-The students must have read at least two or three books or magazines in English even if these books are for beginners.
3-The learners must have listened to audiobook and recording in English to learn the pronunciation and understand what is being said.
4-The students must know how to use political English dictionaries to look for the information needed.
5-The students must be motivated to learn English
6-The students must be aware that they might need English in their future career .
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1- Federalism
2- Keys to the activities of " Federalism"
3- Globalization
4- Keys to the activities of " Globalization"
5- Information Technology Law and Cybercrime
6- Keys to the activities of " Information Technology Law and Cybercrime"
7-The Environmental Protection Law over UN Program
8- Keys to the activities of " the enviromental Program over UN Law
9- General revision
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All sudents are welcomed to discuss and ask questions about all what relates to our lessons
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Federalism in the United States
A foremost Characteristic of the American political system is its division of authority between a national government and a state governments. The first U.S. government, established by the Articles of Confederation, was essentially a union of the states.
In establishing the basis for a stronger national government, the U.S. constitution also made provision for safeguarding states interests. The result was the creation of a federal system in which sovereignty was vested in both national and state government. The constitution enumerated the general powers of the national government and grants its implied power through the “necessary and proper “ clause. Other powers are reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment.
From 1789 to 1865, the nation survival was at issue. The state found it convenient at time to argue that their sovereignty took precedence over national authority. In the end it took the civil war to cement the idea that the United States was a union of people, not of states. From 1865 to 1937, federalism reflected the doctrine that certain policy areas were the exclusive responsibility of the national government whereas responsibility in other policy areas belonged exclusively to the states. This constitutional position validated the laissez-faire that big business was largely beyond governmental control. It also allowed the states to discriminate against African Americans in their public policy. Federalism in a form recognizable today began to emerge in the 1930s.
In the areas of commerce, taxation, spending, civil right, and civil liberties, among others, the federal government now plays an important role, one that is the inevitable consequence of the increasing complexity of the American society and the interdependence of its people. National, state, and local officials now work closely together to save the country’s problem, a situation described as cooperative federalism. Grant-in-aid from Washington to the states and localities has been the chief of instrument of national influence. States and localities have received billions in federal assistance. In accepting federal money, they have accepted both, federal restrictions on its use and national policy priorities that underline the granting of the money.
The issue of the relationship between the nation and the states has changed somewhat as a result of devolution , a shift of power downward to the states. This change like changes throughout U.S history, sprang from the demands of the American people.
Federalism: A governmental system in which authority is divided between two sovereign levels of government, national and regional.
Anti-Federalists: They were labeled as opponents of the constitution. They raised arguments that still echo in American politics. They claimed that the national government would be too powerful and would threaten self-government in the separate states and the liberty of the people. Many Americans had an innate distrust of centralized power and worried that the people liberties would be eclipsed as easily by a distant American government as it had been by the British king.
Confederacy: A governmental system in which sovereignty is vested entirely in subnational (states) governments.
Grant-in aid: The federal government provides some or all the federal fund for a program through that is called grant-in-aid (cash payment) to the states and localities which then administer the program.
Enumerated powers: Article I of the constitution grants to Congress seventeen enumerated powers. These powers were intended by the framers of the constitution to be the basis of a government strong enough to forge a union that was secure in defense and stable in its commerce. Congress’ power is intended to regulate commerce among the states, and create a national currency. Its power to tax combined with its authority to declare war and establish an army and navy would enable it to provide for the common defense
Devolution: The passing down of authority from the national government to states and localities.
Activity One: Put the appropriate word in the right place.
Unlike……………,the framers of the constitution claimed that……………………was a practical necessity to build a strong nation. The constitution focused on the lawful authority of the government and provides it with……………………powers that the states and localities are prohibited from practicing. To consolidate the relation between the nation and the states, the federal government grants the localities and the sates……………………which help them financially.
Activity two: Explain the following words according to their meaning in the text
To vest- provision –to spring.
Activity three: Give terms or expression to the following definitions.
………………………: The decentralization of power from central government to state or local government.
……………………..: A system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.
..............................:federal donation destined to help the independent states and localities.
……………………:Political people rejecting the principles of the federal system.
Activity four: Explain in a few lines why did the United States adopted federalism in its governmental system.
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Federalism. Correction of the activities.
Activity One: Put the appropriate word in the right place.
Unlike, the anti-federalists, the framers of the constitution claimed that Federalism was a practical necessity to build a strong nation. The constitution focused on the lawful authority of the government and provides it with the enumerated powers that the states and localities are prohibited from practicing. To consolidate the relation between the nation and the states, the federal government grants the localities and the states grant-in-aid which helps them financially.
Activity two: Explain the following words according to their meaning in the text
To vest- provision –to spring.
To vest: to give officially an authority or power to someone
The provision: The provision of the constitution is the content of the constitution
To spring: to originate
Activity three: Give terms or expressions to the following definitions.
Devolution: The decentralization of power from central government to state or local government.
Federalism: A system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.
Grant-in-aid: Federal donation destined to help the independent states and localities.
Anti-federalists: Political people rejecting the principles of the federal system.
Activity four: Explain in a few lines why the United States adopted federalism as its governmental system did.
When America was newly independent, the framers of the 1787 constitution decided to create a government based on federalism which is a system that basically divides authority between two levels, national and regional. Federalism is a means of ensuring peace and stability in the American continent which is a large area with different states and localities having different identities, ethnicities, cultures, religions and languages. America is called a melting pot, a mixture of people having different origins coexisting and living together on the same soil. However, to manage such complexity in the American society on a huge area, federalism operated as the suitable solution to build a powerful nation.
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- Globalization
Over many centuries, human societies across the globe have established progressively closer contacts. Recently, the space of global integration has dramatically increased. Unprecedented changes in communication, transportation, and computer technology have given the process new impetus and made the world more interdependent than ever. Multinational corporations manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumer around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move ever more swiftly across national borders. Along with products and finances, ideas and cultures circulate more freely. As a result, laws , economies, and social movements are forming et the international level.
Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies , and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and added by information technology. This process has effect on the environment, culture, political system, economic development, prosperity, and human physical well being in society around the world.
Features of Globalization
Economically, the main feature is the interconnectedness of the global economy. Cheap and reliable shipping and easy communications (internet and phones) have made it so that it is very easy for goods and even services to be produced in one country for use in another. This is true to a greater degree than it ever has been in the past. Culturally, you can argue that globalization is moving us more towards a world culture. Movies, TV shows and music are easily exchanged between countries. I, for example, can practice my Japanese here in the US by watching Japanese TV show that I get off the net.
Over all, the main idea that thee are getting to be more and more ways in which people in different countries are connected to one another. The biggest feature of present day globalization is the presence of technology, which allows for increased connections between businesses and people in general. This makes for greater friendships, understanding of culture and people and acceptance from around the world. It also help companies grow, as they can sell their product all over the world and get the world out about their company to basically anyone.
Advantages of Globalization
1- Employment opportunities. Companies are setting up shop in new countries creating opportunities for employment.
2- Education with educational institutions spread across the globe, it has become easier to move from home countries for better education opportunities. This has led to integration of cultures and people from different cultural backgrounds.
3- Thanks to international trade, trade has become more competitive leading to production of high quality products.
4- Price of commodities has also become cheaper especially because of the fierce competition noted in the market.
5- Socially, people have become more tolerant and open towards one another. Additionally, globalization has also enhanced communication.
Disadvantages of Globalization
Globalization is not all rosy. It also has some disadvantages pegged to it and these include the following:
1-The most common complaint is that globalization has only served to make the rich even richer while making the poor poorer. It is the general feeling that for managers, it is a great benefit, while for nature and workers, globalization is hell.
2- Multinationals have been accused of unfair working conditions and social injustice. They have also been accused of not caring so much for the environment, ecological damage as well as natural resources mismanagement.
3- Anti-globalists claim it has not worked in favor for a large section of the population. During 1968 through to 1998, they claim inequality has only gotten worse. The United Nations Development Program for instance reports 20% of the world’s rich population used 86% of the global resources while 80% of the poorest population only gets 14% of the global resources.
4-Globalization has also led to incursion of diseases especially deadly ones like HIV/ AIDS spread by travelers in some cases to the most remote regions in the world.
Activity one: Say whether the following statements are true or false and correct the false ones.
1-Globalization is a modern phenomenon.
2-Globalization slowed religious and cultural tolerance.
3-The multinationals promoted the working class.
Activity two : Explain or give synonyms to the following words.
Impetus- raw- swiftly.
Activity three: Put the appropriate words in the right place.
Unstable- wealth- globalization- repression- disorder-rise
…………………..create new markets and ………………., even as it causes widespread suffering…………………and unrest. It is both a source of …………………..and a catalyst for global movements of social justice and emancipation. The great financial crisis of 2008-09 has received the danger of an ………………….deregulated, global economy but it has also given ……………………to important global initiative for change.Activity four: In few lines, show how does globalization revolutionized the economic and cultural world.
- Globalization
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Globalization. Correction of the activities
Activity one: Say whether the following statements are true or false and correct the false ones.
1-Globalization is a modern phenomenon.
False. Globalization is an old phenomenon. For instance, in the Islamic age when the Muslims conquered many nations they brought them their culture, religion, and the Arabic language. Even when they traded further sea, they exchanged their products with foreign ones.
2-Globalization slowed religious and cultural tolerance.
False. Globalization promoted religious and cultural tolerance since people throughout the world started to accept each other without taking into consideration any difference that may separate them.
3-The multinationals promoted the working class.
False. Obviously, the multinationals provided employment opportunities, but in terms of working conditions, the workers complain that they work a lot for unfair wages.
Activity two : Explain or give synonyms to the following words.
Impetus-raw-swiftly.
Impetus: the force with which something moves.
Raw : a material in the natural state as a vegetable before being cooked.
Swiftly: rapidly- quickly.
Activity three: Put the appropriate words in the right place.
Unstable- wealth- globalization- repression- disorder-rise
Globalization creates new markets and wealth, even as it causes widespread suffering, disorder and unrest. It is both a source of repression, and a catalyst for global movements of social justice and emancipation. The great financial crisis of 2008-09 has revealed the danger of an unstable deregulated, global economy but it has also given rise to important global initiative for change.
Activity four: In few lines, show how does globalization revolutionized the economic and cultural world.
Basically, globalization has developed over the world by means of an increasing sophistication of technology which made the process of integration and interaction among the people, companies, and government of different nations happened rapidly. Economically, globalization represents an engine of economic promotion. With the international trade and the multinational companies that commercialize their products over the world, people can have access to commodities of high quality with lower prices.
Culturally, globalization increased the cultural exchange. It extended the social relations. People have become extrovert and more tolerant, they started to accept each other by the common consumption of culture. For example here in Algeria, we can cloth in a Morocco way, eat in a French manner, and speak English. This led us to conclude that globalization brings us the world at home.
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Information Technology law and Cybercrime
A-Computer security
Peter Den Bieman, a legal practitioner specializing in information technology, is speaking at a chamber of commerce lunch.
I’m sure you’d all agree that the development of information technology and e-commerce has presented exciting business opportunities. However, the increasing sophistication of the system and applications available to end users has created significant legal challenges to individuals, companies, the legislature, and legal advisers. The technology necessary to access the Internet has also enabled innovative illegal activities. You‘ll be aware that these include the breach of the computer security and unauthorized access to a computer commonly known as hacking. There’s also the distribution of illegally obtained content from databases, as well as virus writing or virus spreading achieved by attacks on insecure servers which lack adequate protection. In the UK, the Computer Misuse Act deals with such illegal use, and also the publication and distribution of material that may be used to aid hacking. Unfortunately, unless you have adequate security systems in place, your business is at risk.
B- Cybercrime
There are cybercrimes that may affect you personally, such as credit card fraud online, commonly known as credit card scams, and identity (ID) theft, when financial benefit is obtained by deception using stolen personal information. In the USA, fraudsters, as they’re known, who use a stolen identity to commit new crimes, may be charged with what’s known in the States as aggravated ID theft. The Council of Europe Cybercrime Treaty, also signed by US and Japan, has the aim of international co-operation and mutual assistance in policy.
Other cybercrime may impact on your business. There’s cyberfraud, such as pharming, where users are moved to fake, non-genuine sites, when they try to link to their bona fide bank website. Then there’s phishing when a fraudster, by misrepresentation, gets Internet users to disclose personal information in reply to spam email sent unsolicited to a large number of people. Internet users can also be tricked into money laundering activities which aid the transfer of illegal or stolen money.
Note: misrepresentation- making a wrong statement to trick someone into a concept.
C- Data protection
The way you, collect, store, and distribute information that constitutes personal data on identifiable individuals is more subject to Data Protection Legislation. If, for example, you ask potential customers to supply their address details via the web in the process of requesting further information concerning your business, you should also provide the data subject with information about the purpose of collecting the data, the period for which it will be stored, and who will be in receipt of such data. If your web page contains data relating to specific employees, remember that this will be information readily available internationally and nationally. You must have the consent of the individuals concerned allowing you to make such information available. That consent must be informed and freely given. Care must be taken in the management of personal web servers and server software and clear guidelines given to staff about your Internet policy in order to avoid falling foul of the law, for example the Defamation Act. Finally, in addition to ensuring that you don’t infringe regulations, you need to consider how to future-proof contracts you enter into, by considering potential and unknown developments that may affect you business.
Activity one: Are the following statements true or false and correct what is false. Look at paragraph A to help you.
1-People who use computer applications are known as hackers.
2-It’s a legal challenge to gain unauthorized access to a database.
3-Secure servers make virus spreading possible.
4-Distributing illegally obtained data is a breach of computer security.
Activity two : Complete the following article. Look at paragraph B to help you. There is more than one possibility for one of the answers.
Fraudsters find it surprisingly easy to operate Credit card (1)…………over the Internet. (2)………tricks consumers into providing Confidential details in response to spam email. Although banks have been rising public awareness of the practice by placing warnings on websites, some customers are still taken in by spam emails inviting them to (3) ………. account information. But phishing is no longer as effective as it was, so (4)…………… have developed (5)…………..which does not involve spam email and is harder to detect. The scam redirects users to (6)…………..sites when they try to access to their………………….bank website. A customer logs on, normally using the address stored in his or her favorites ”folder” to what looks like the bank’s internet banking site, but the customer bank’s internet banking site, but the customer is actually redirected to the fraudster’s sites. The fraud is no longer limited to bank accounts. Recent examples have had corporate websites cloned to sell non-existent products, or to get consumers to participate in money (8) ……………..activities while believing they are dealing with a legitimate organization. Whether the fraudsters are using phishing or pharming, criminal prosecution remains difficult, largely because most of the criminals are based outside the territory in which the victim resides. Extradition proceedings are difficult and rare, although some national courts may have limited extra-territorial jurisdiction. Phishing legislation may be drafted but the real problem is the cross-border nature of the fraud. The legislation may have no teeth, leaving the perpetrators almost immune from prosecution.
Activity three: Find more formal expressions to the following statements in paragraph C.
1-a human person about whom data is stored.
2-law which governs the use of computer stored information about individuals.
3- willing agreement to something on the basis of relevant knowledge.
4- to break the law.
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Information Technology Law and Cybercrime. Correction of the activities
Activity One: Are the following statements true or false justify your answer. Look at paragraph A to help you.
1-People who use computer applications are known as hackers.
False. They are called users or end users.
2-It’s a legal challenge to gain unauthorized access to a database.
False. It is an illegal activity.
3-Secure servers make virus spreading possible.
False. Insecure servers are subject to virus spreading.
4-Distributing illegally obtained data is a breach of computer security.
True.
Activity two: Complete the following article. Look at paragraph B to help you. There is more than one possibility for the answers.
Fraudsters find it surprisingly easy to operate Credit card (1)scams over the Internet. (2)Phishing tricks consumers into providing confidential details in response to spam email. Although banks have been rising public awareness of the practice by placing warnings on websites, some customers are still taken in by spam emails inviting them to (3)disclose account information. But phishing is no longer as effective as it was, so (4)fraudsters have developed (5) pharming .which does not involve spam email and is harder to detect. The scam redirects users to (6) fake sites when they try to access to their bona fide bank website. A customer logs on, normally using the address stored in his or her favorites ”folder” to what looks like the bank’s internet banking site, but the customer bank’s internet banking site, but the customer is actually redirected to the fraudster’s sites. The fraud is no longer limited to bank accounts. Recent examples have had corporate websites cloned to sell non-existent products, or to get consumers to participate in money (8) laundering activities while believing they are dealing with a legitimate organization. Whether the fraudsters are using phishing or pharming, criminal prosecution remains difficult, largely because most of the criminals are based outside the territory in which the victim resides. Extradition proceedings are difficult and rare, although some national courts may have limited extra-territorial jurisdiction. Phishing legislation may be drafted but the real problem is the cross-border nature of the fraud. The legislation may have no teeth, leaving the perpetrators almost immune from prosecution.
Activity three: Find more formal expressions to the following statements in paragraph C for:
1-a human person about whom data is stored. The data subject
2-law which governs the use of computer stored information about individuals. The Data Protection Legislation
3- willing agreement to something on the basis of relevant knowledge. The consent must be informed and freely given
4- to break the law. To Infringe regulation
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The Environmental Protection over UN Program
The environmental movement might be said to have begun centuries ago as a response to industrialization. In the nineteenth century, the British Romantic poets extolled the beauties of nature, while writer Henry David Thoreau praised the return to a simpler life, guided by the values implicit in nature. It was a dichotomy that continued well in the twentieth century.
In the aftermath of the Second World War, the rise of the nuclear age introduced fear of new kind of pollution from deadly radiation. The environmental movement gained new momentum in 1962 with the publication of Rachel Carson’s book “ The Silent Spring” which warned about the agricultural use of synthetic chemical pesticides. A scientist and writer, Ms. Carson stressed the need to respect the ecosystem in which we live, in order to protect human health as well as the environment.
As universal concern about the healthy and sustainable use of the planet and its resources continued to grow, the UN, in 1972, convened the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm. It created the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) which is an agency that coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sounds policies and practices. It was founded by Maurice Strong, its first director, as a result of the United Nations Conference on the Human environment in June 1972 and has its headquarters in the Gigiri neighborhood of Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP also has six regional offices and various country offices.
Its activities cover a wide range of issues regarding the atmosphere, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems, environmental governance and green economy. It has played a significant role in developing international environmental conventions, promoting environmental science and information and illustrating the way those can be implemented in conjunction with policy, working on the development and implementation of policy with national government, regional institutions in conjunction with environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The World Meteorological Organization and UNEP established the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988.
The World Meteorological Organization: The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 member states and territories. Established in 1950, WMO became the specialized agency of the United Nations for meteorology ( weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and is a member of the United Nations.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments. IPCC reports cover “the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation.
Activity one: Find more formal expressions to the following statements.
1-................................:….in such areas where man has fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban settings and agricultural land conversion, the natural environment is greatly modified and diminished, with a much more simplified human environment largely replacing it.
2-………………………: is a term from Greek that means the study of the environment or the analysis of interactions among organisms and their environment.
3-………………………..: is a community of living organisms called producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Activity two: Explain the following words.
To sustain- momentum – to warn
Activity three: Complete the following paragraph with the appropriate words.
Environmental- Galaxy – ecosystem – ideals –resources – space
In 1969, the first iconic photos of the Earth from outer space………….touched the hearts of humanity with its simplicity and beauty. Seeing for the first time this “big blue marble” in an immense……………….brought home to many that we live on one Earth, a fragile interdependent………………………and our responsibility to protect the health and well-being of that ecosystem began to dawn on the collective consciousness of the world. Moreover, with the ending of the tumultuous decade of the 1960s, its highest…………….. and visions began to be translated into practical form. Among these was the……………………….vision__ now, quite literally, a global phenomenon. As universal concern about the healthy and sustainable use of the planet and its…………………….continued to grow, the UN, in 1972, convened the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm.
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The Environmental Protection over UN Program. Correction of the activities.
Activity one: Find more formal expressions to the following statements.
1-Urbanized environment :in such areas where man has fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban settings and agricultural land conversion, the natural environment is greatly modified and diminished, with a much more simplified human environment largely replacing it.
2-Biology: a term from Greek that means the study of the environment or the analysis of interactions among organisms and their environment.
3-Ecosystem :: is a community of living organisms called producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Activity two: Explain the following words.
To sustain- momentum - to warn
To sustain : to support
Momentum: the force that increases the rate of a process.
to warn: to tell somebody in advance of a possible danger.
Activity three: Complete the following paragraph with the appropriate words.
Environmental- galaxy – ecosystem – ideals –resources – space
In 1969, the first iconic photos of the Earth from outer space touched the hearts of humanity with its simplicity and beauty. Seeing for the first time this “big blue marble” in an immense galaxy brought home to many that we live on one Earth, a fragile interdependent ecosystem and our responsibility to protect the health and well-being of that ecosystem began to dawn on the collective consciousness of the world. Moreover, with the ending of the tumultuous decade of the 1960s, its highest ideals and visions began to be translated into practical form. Among these was the environmental vision-- now, quite literally, a global phenomenon. As universal concern about the healthy and sustainable use of the planet and its resources continued to grow, the UN, in 1972, convened the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm.
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural background from all regions of the world. The declaration was proclaimed by the United Nation General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948. It set out for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
The declaration consisted of thirty articles which have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, regional human rights instruments, national constitution, and other laws. The simplified version of the 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is as follows:
1- We are all born free and equal. We are all born free. We all have our thoughts and ideas.
2- Don’t discriminate. These rights belong to everybody, whatever our differences.
3- The right to life. We all have the right to life, and to live in freedom and safety.
4- No slavery. Nobody has any right to make us a slave.
5- No torture. Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us.
6- You have Rights no Matter where you Go. I am a person just like you.
7- We’re All Equal Before the law. The law is the same for everyone. It must treat us fairly.
8- Your Human Rights are Protected by Law. We can all ask for the to help us when we are not treated fairly.
9- No unfair Detainment. Nobody has the right to put us in prison without good reason.
10- The Right to Trial. If we are put in trial this should be in public.
11- We’re always Innocent till proven guilty. Nobody should be blamed for doing something until it is proven guilty.
12- The Right to Privacy. Nobody should try to harm our good name. Nobody has the right to come into our home and bother us or our family without a good reason.
13- Freedom to move. We all have the right to go where we want in our country and to travel as we wish.
14- The Right to seek a Safe Place to Live. If we are frightened of being badly treated in our country, we can go to another country to be safe.
15- Right to a Nationality. We all have the right to belong to a country.
Activity one: Explain or give synonyms to the following words.
Milestone - to draft - background
Activity two: Fill in the blank the following words.
1-The …………………..article of the declaration of Human Rights that ………………..is entitled to all the ……………………, and freedoms set forth in this declaration without ………………of any kind such as race,…………,………………. ,……………….., political or other opinion national, or social origin, property, birth or other status.
2-Article………………..in the Declaration of Human Rights declares everyone charged with………….offence has the right to be presumed………………….until proven guilty according to law in a public…………………….at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his…………………
3-Article………………….in the Declaration of Human Rights declares that everyone has the right to freedom of …………………..and …………….. with the borders of each state.
4-Everyone has the right………………….any country, including his own , and to ……………….to his country.
Activity three: Which articles belong to the following definitions.
1-.............................: No one should be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
2-Everyone has the right to recognition as a person before the law……………………
3-Everyone has the right to seek and enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution…………………………
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Correction of the activities of the text " Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
Activity one: Explain or give synonyms to the following words.
Milestone: a stone put at the side of a road showing the distance in miles
To draft : to make a preliminary version of a document
Background: What is behind someone or something. Ex : a person’s life story
1-The second .article of the declaration of Human Rights that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration without distinction of any kind such as race,color, language., region, political or other opinion national, or social origin, property, birth or other status.
2-Article eleven in the Declaration of Human Rights declares everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense
3-Article thirteen in the Declaration of Human Rights declares that everyone has the right to freedom of movement .and residence with the borders of each state.
4-Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own , and to return. to his country.
Activity three: Which articles belong to the following definitions.
1-.Article five: No one should be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
2-Everyone has the right to recognition as a person before the law .Article six
3-Everyone has the right to seek and enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. Article fourteen
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1- We the People . A Concise Introduction to American Politics
2-From English Colonies to American Republic. The formation of the Nation. 1763- 1861
3- Professional English in Use Law
4- An Ilustrated History of Britain
5-An Illustrated History of the USA
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