Anglais Master 1 S1 A- 2020-2021
Topic outline
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Card contact
Teacher : SADEK –Meriem Dalila mail :adel2004@live.fr
Teaching Unit: D
Coefficient :1 Credits:1
Global hourly volume in the first semester : 15 hours
Global weekly working hours 1h.30 mn
Evaluation method: written test
Course outline
The Course in English includes two parts, the first one is a political text dealing with a specific topic related to what the students are learning in “ Arabic”, and the second one is a number of activities to evaluate the learners’ understanding of the text and their different skills in matter of reading , listening, and writing.
The tasks given to the learners are about a variety of activities as follows:
1-An activity of comprehension asking the students to explain or give synonyms to different words that seem to be difficult to understand at first sight.
2-An activity of true or false to allows the teacher to check if the students have completely understood the text.
3- To give the students a number of statements or definitions and let them guess the expressions or terms corresponding to these statements.
4- Another activity that includes a paragraph with missing words and asking the learners to find the appropriate terms and to put them in the right place.
5-The course may also have an activity of written expression as asking the students to write an essay of few lines to discuss a topic linked to the studied text.
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The General Objectives
The General objectives aspired in teaching (ESP) English for specific purpose as political English are as follows:
1-To help the students learn a second language.
1-To initiate the students to politics in English.
2-To develop basic language skills as reading, listening, and writing.
3-Develop their awareness of the importance of English as a means of international communication.
4-Develop positive attitude towards leaning English.
5-Develop language competence that enable the students to present the culture and civilization of their nation.
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The prerequisites
The students who are initiated in learning political English must have the following prerequisites:
1-The students must have at least a medium level in English to learn political English.
2-The students must have read at least two or three books or magazines in English even if these books are for beginners.
3-The learners must have listened to audiobook and recording in English to learn the pronunciation and understand what is being said.
4-The students must know how to use political English dictionaries to look for the information needed.
5-The students must be motivated to learn English
6-The students must be aware that they might need English in their future career .
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Table of Contents. M1
1-The History of the Algerian Constitution
2-The Legal System in Algeria: The Executive Branch
3-Keys to activities of both texts “The History of the Algerian Constitution” and “The Executive Branch”
4-The Legal System in Algeria: The Legislative Branch
5-The Legal System in Algeria: The Judicial Branch
6-Keys to activities of both texts ‘The Legal System in Algeria: The Legislative Branch” and “The Judicial Branch”
7-The European Union
8-Human Rights in a Democratic System
9-Keys to activities of both texts “The European Union” and “Human Rights in a Democratic System”
10-General revision
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The History of the Algerian Constitution
An Algerian constitution was first adopted by a referendum in 1963, following the Algerian war of independence (1954-62); originally, it was to be drafted by a constitutional assembly led by Ferhat Abbas, former resistance but this body was sidelined by Algeria’s first president, Ahmed Benbella. In its 1963 form, the constitution declared Algeria a one-party state ruled by the former resistance movement, the national Liberation Front (FLN). This constitution was suspended by the military coup d ‘état of 1965. Boumedien was then elected the country’s second president. After years of ruling , President Houari Boumedien issued a second constitution in 1976, emphasizing the importance of military establishment.
In 1986, President Boumedien’s successor, President Chadli Bendjdid modified the constitution to allow for free-market reforms, and after the 1988 October Riots, brought in a new constitution, in 1988. This was approved in a referendum by 73% on February 1989. It introduced a multi-party system, removing the FLN from its role as leading party and made no mention of socialism; instead it promised “freedom of expression, association, and assembly”. A 1992 military coup introduced a state of emergency, which suspended parts of the new constitution, as the Algerian Civil War began.
In 1996, the constitution was further modified, allowing the formation of political parties not founded of “a religious, linguistics, racial, sex, corporatists or regional basis” or violating the “fundamental liberties, the fundamental values and components of the national identity, the national unity, the security and integrity of the national territory, the independence of the country and the people’s sovereignty as well as the democratic and republic nature of the state”. In 2004, other changes were discussed among other things as introducing the post of Vice President. The constitution was modified in 2008
1-Explain the following words:
To sideline- to instigate – corporatist –
2- Say whether the following statement are true or false and correct what is false.
a-The framer of the 1963 constitution is Ferhat Abbas Abbes.
b-In the aftermath of the Algerian civil war , the constitution remained as it was before.
c-The 1988 constitution promoted socialism.
3-Complete the following sentences.
Socialism is a political and economic theory advocating that a country’s land, transport, natural resources and chief industries should be ………………and controlled by the whole community or by ………………and that wealth should be ……………..distributed.
A totalitarian regime is a system of government in which there is only ………political party and no …………….parties are allowed.
A referendum is a vote held by ………….of a country to resolve political…………….
Complete the following Paragraph.
The constitution is the ……………law which …………..the individual rights and liberties, ……………the principle of the people’s free choice and …………………the legitimacy to the exercise of powers. It helps to ensure the legal protection and the control of the public authority in a …………………in which man’s progress prevail in all its dimension.
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The Legal System in Algeria
The Executive Branch
The different powers of the constitutions are: 1.The executive Power – 2.The Legislative Power—3. The Judicial Power.
In Algeria, the separation of power leads to a distribution of activities among the three branches of government
1-The president and his administrators see to the implementation of the law
2-Parliament is responsible for the civil and criminal legislation.
3-Courts make decisions on civil and criminal cases
The Executive Branch
1-The President
The President: is the head of state. He is the guarantor of national independence, the integrity of territory, and of respect for the constitution and laws as well as the execution of treaties. He is elected for five years by universal, direct, and secret suffrage. He must be Algerian not carry another nationality, of Muslim religion, and whose spouse has Algerian nationality. He must be at least forty years old and enjoy all his civil and political rights.
The President’s function: Among the president functions is to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister, who is the head of the government. He presides over the Council of Minister .and promulgates the laws. The president also represents Algeria in international affairs and formally appoints and dismisses the civil servants, soldiers, and judges of the federation. The president has the right to pardon criminal offenders in the name of the republic. He names the Governor of the Bank of Algeria, Magistrates and Walis ( prefets). He watches over the execution of the laws. He exercises the general regulatory power and may delegate all part of it to the Prime Minister.
The Government
The government put into effect the general policy of the nation in conformity with the orientations and options defined by the president. The president dismisses the government or one of its members on his own initiative or on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Government is responsible to the president of the republic for its conduct. :
1-The Prime Minister’s function: The Prime Minister performs the following functions:
He introduces the members of the government which he chooses with the president who appoints him. He distributes the attributions between the members of the governments in the respect of the constitutional provisions. He takes care of the execution of the laws. He chairs the council of the government. He signs the executive decrees. He takes care of the correct operation of the public administration.
2-The ministers: Among the different ministers that exist in Algeria are as follows:
Ministry of Finance- Ministry of Energy and Mines – Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Ministry of Telecommunication.
1-Explain the following words..
The implementation – to promulgate – the provision- the decree
2-Complete the following sentences.
1-The attribution of functions to the members of government depends on …………………………………………….
2-The government implements the laws with ………………………….
3-The president………………………the highest civil and ………………..officers on the recommendation of……………………….
3- Put the right word in the right place.
1-The president ratifies the treaties,………………….wars and concludes peace with ……………..of the parliament. He ………………the right of pardon and ……………the general policy of the nation, defines its fundamental option, and informs the national parliament accordingly.
2-The government ……………….each year a general policy declaration to the parliament. This latter opens for this purpose a general……………….
3- The head of government may adapt his program according to this debate. In case of non approval of his program by the ………………….., the head of government …………………….the resignation of his government to the president. This latter…………again…………………in accordance with the same mode.
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A-Keys to the activities of “ The History of the Algerian Constitution”
1-Activity one: Explanation of the following words:
To sideline- to instigate - corporatist
To sideline: To suspend- to put away
To instigate: To incite someone to do something – to initiate
Corporatist: Something shared by a group of people- collective
2-Activity two: True or False
a-The framer of the 1963 constitution is Ferhat Abbas
False. The 1963 constitution was supposed to be drafted by Ferhat Abbas but his constitutional assembly was dissolved.
b-In the aftermath of the Algerian civil war , the constitution remained as it was before.
False. No, in the post-war period, the constitution didn’t keep its initial form since part of it was suspended.
The 1988 constitution promoted socialism.
False. No, the 1988 constitution didn’t mention socialism, but it created a free market and a multi-party system.
3- Activity three: The completion of the sentences
Socialism is a political and economic theory advocating that a country’s land, transport, natural resources and chief industries should be owned and controlled by the whole community or by the state and that wealth should be legally distributed.
A totalitarian regime is a system of government in which there is only one political party and no rival parties are allowed.
A referendum is a vote held by all the people of a country to resolve political issues
4-Activity four: The completion of the paragraph
The constitution is the fundamental laws which define the individual rights and liberties, protect the principle of the people’s free choice and guarantee the legitimacy to the exercise of powers. It helps to ensure the legal protection and the control of the public authority in a society in which lawfulness and man’s progress prevail in all its dimension.
B-Keys to the activities of” The Legal System in Algeria:
The Executive Branch”
1-Activity one: Explanation of the following words:.
The implementation -to promulgate - the provision- the decree
The implementation : The execution- the appliance – to put into effect
To promulgate : To announce officially a law
The provision: The content
The decree: An official order or a decision made by a ruler or an authority- an official order that has the force of a law.
2- Activity two: The Completion of the sentences.
1-The attribution of functions to the members of government depends on the
provision of the constitution
2-The government implements the laws with the approval of the parliament
3-The president appoints the highest civil and military officers on the recommendation of the government
3- Activity three :The completion of the paragraphs.
1-The president ratifies the treaties, declares wars and concludes peace with the approval of the parliament. He exercise the right of pardon and directs the general policy of the nation, defines its fundamental option, and informs the national parliament accordingly.
2-The government presents each year a general policy declaration to the parliament. This latter opens for this purpose a general debate.
3-The head of government may adapt his program according to this debate. In case of non approval of his program by the parliament, the head of government presents .the resignation of his government to the president. This latter appoints again a head of government in accordance with the same mode.
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2-The Legal System in Algeria
The Legislative Branch
The legislative power is exercised by a parliament consisting of two chambers. The People’s National Assembly (House of Commons), and the Council of Nation (Senate). The Parliament is sovereign to elaborate and vote on the law.
The People’s National Assembly. (House of Commons): is the lower house elected for a period of five years. It has got 462 members elected by universal, free, direct and secret suffrage, according to the modalities and conditions determined by the electoral law. Candidates must be at least twenty-eight years old, Algerian by birth or naturalized for at least five years. Independent candidates must have collected at least 400 voter’s signatures to be eligible. Both men and women are eligible to run. The people’s National Assembly has less power than the executive branch.
The Council of Nation. Madjliss el Ouma (Senate): It is the upper house of the parliament and composed of senators whose members shall not exceed the half to the utmost of the members of the People’s National Assembly. The mandate of the Council of Nation is limited to six years. Half of its members are renewed every three years. The president of the Council of Nation is elected every three years two. Ii is composed of 144 members, two-thirds 2/3 of them are elected by means of secret suffrage by the People’s Communal Assembly and the People’s Willaya Assembly; one-third 1/3 of the members of the Council of Nation are designated by the President of the Republic from among the national personalities and qualified persons in the scientific, cultural, professional, economic and social field.
Legislation:
The President promulgates the laws and ensures their publication in the official Journal of the Algerian Republic within a maximum period of fifteen days counting from the transmission by the President of the National Parliament. During this period, the president may return the Bill to The National Parliament for a second reading. If the Bill is adopted by the National Parliament with a majority of two-thirds of its members, the law is promulgated and published within a second period of fifteen days.
Parliamentary Immunity: is recognized to deputies and members of the Council of Nation during their political activity. No member of the People’s National Assembly or the Council of Nation can be arrested or prosecuted for a crime or misdemeanor as long as the People’s National Assembly or the Council of Nation which decides by the majority of its members to lift the immunity has not lifted the immunity which covers him.
Activity one: Explain or give synonyms to the following words.
Utmost – to renew – to elaborate
Activity two: Complete the folowing sentences:
1-The President of the Council of Nation is elected each………………..renewal of the members of…………………….
2- The Parliamentary immunity is recognized to the deputies and members of the Council of Nation during the period of their…………………
3-The mandate of the Parliament can be ………………….in exceptionally serious cases.
Activity three: Give the right terms or expressions to the following sentences
.........................:can hold a meeting of the parliament on a request made by the head of government or the two-thirds of the members of the People’s National Assembly.
………………….: sits in two ordinary sessions per year, each one of four months minimal duration.
…………………..:No deputy can be subject to arrest or to any civil proceeding , or penal action or pressure because of the opinion they expressed , the remark which they made during the exercise of their mandate.
Activity four: In few lines, show why the legislative branch represents an important power in a country’s democratic political system.
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3-The Legal System in Algeria
3-The Judicial Power
The Algerian constitution provides that judicial power is independent. Procedure law organizes the judicial power.
The Jurisdiction of the First Degree: The First Courts
In fact, jurisdiction of common rights are qualified for all the litigations relating to civil and criminal proceedings. They are the courts of the first resorts.
The Jurisdiction of the second degree: The Court of Appeals
There are 48 courts of appeals in the Algerian territory. They are courts of jurisdiction for all the calls formed against the judgments given in all matters by the courts of the first resorts.
The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court has the highest jurisdiction. Among the reasons that make the appeals in cassation can be introduced in the Supreme Court are: Incompetence or abuse of power, basic lack of general merit, violation or omission of the substantial forms of the rules of procedure, defect, insufficiency or contradiction of reasons.
The Administrative Jurisdiction
The administrative courts are qualified .jurisdiction of common rights for administrative disputes.
The State Council
The creation of State Council is very recent. Organic law of May 30 1998 instituted this jurisdiction. The State Council’s creation is regarded as a regulatory body of the administrative jurisdiction activity. It concerns the judicial power and ensures the unification of the administrative jurisdiction through the country and takes care of the respect of the law.
The Court of Auditors
The Court of Auditors is in charge of control of the public purses, local authorities, and public services. The Court of Auditors draws up an annual report which is addressed to the president of the Republic. The law determines the attribution, the organization and the operation of the Court of Auditors and the sanction of its investigations.
Activity one: Explain the following words.
Litigation- resort- purse- investigation.
Activity two: Give the right terms or expressions to the following definitions.
……………………….:Appellants may apply for a court which decisions are binding on all other courts
………………………: A lower court hearing evidence and aims to determine what exactly happened in a case.
………………………:A court which may reverse or uphold the decision of the court of the first instance.
Activity three: Complete the following sentences.
1-The judicial tradition has stipulated that defendants be fully aware of the……………..against them, that they have free access to legal counsel, and that they will be able to ……………… a judicial outcome in a court ……………………..
2- The judges are ……………….by the……………….branches.
3-The Algeria’s legal codes are……………….on the laws of Islam and of other Northern African and Socialist states, as well as on ……………….law. In civilian courts, Sharia ( Islamic law) is applied to social issues. Military courts have……………….in cases involving military persons, and also hear some……………..in which civilians are charged with security and terrorism offences.
4- Algeria’s judicial system is three-tiered, Daira tribunals are……………….of first instance for civil and certain criminal matters; Most Willaya Courts in each province hear all cases, and have appellate jurisdiction over…………………..court decisions in civil suits, and the Supreme Court is the highest court. It ……………….in Private Law chamber for civil and commercial cases, a Social Division for social security and labor cases, a Criminal Court, and an Administrative Division. Judges are appointed by the executive branch of government for a ……………of ten years.
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Keys to activities of both texts The Legal Systems in Algeria “The legislative Branch” and “The Judicial Branch”
A- “The Legislative Branch”
Activity one: Explain or give synonyms to the following words.
Utmost – to renew – to elaborate
Utmost: the most extreme – the maximum
to renew: to replace- to revive
to elaborate: to describe or explain in details
Activity two: Put the right word in the right place.
1-The president of the Council of Nation is elected each partial renewal of the members ofparliament
2- The Parliamentary immunity is recognized to the deputies and members of the Council of Nation during the period of their mandate - political activity
3-The mandate of the Parliament can be stopped – extended in exceptionally serious cases.
Activity three: Give the right terms or expressions to the following sentences
The president.: can hold a meeting of the parliament on a request made by the head of government or the two-thirds of the members of the People’s National Assembly.
The parliament: sits in two ordinary sessions per year, each one of four months minimal duration.
Parliamentary immunity: No deputy can be subject to arrest or to any civil proceeding , or penal action or pressure because of the opinion they expressed , the remark which they made during the exercise of their mandate.
B-The Judicial Branch
Activity one: Explain the following words.
Litigation- resort- purse- investigation.
Litigation: to engage in a lawsuit – a claim
Resort: to make use of something to help you
purse: money available for spending- funds
investigation: inquiry
Activity two: Give the right terms or expressions to the following definitions.
The Supreme Court: Appellants may apply for a court which decisions are binding on all other courts
The First Court: A lower court hearing evidence and aims to determine what exactly happened in a case.
The Court of Appeal: A court which may reverse or uphold the decision of the court of the first instance.
Activity three: Complete the following sentences.
1-The judicial tradition has stipulated that defendants be fully aware of the charges against them, that they have free access to legal counsel, and that they will be able to contend a judicial outcome in a court appeal
2- The judges are appointed by the executive branches.
3-The Algeria’s legal codes are based on the laws of Islam and of other Northern African and Socialist states, as well as on the French law. In civilian courts, Sharia (Islamic law) is applied to social issues. Military courts have jurisdiction in cases involving military persons, and also hear some cases in which civilians are charged with security and terrorism offences.
4- Algeria’s judicial system is three-tiered, Daira tribunals are Courts of first instance for civil and certain criminal matters; Most Willaya Courts in each province hear all cases, and have appellate jurisdiction over lower court decisions in civil suits, and the Supreme Court is the highest court. It comprises a Private Law chamber for civil and commercial cases, a Social Division for social security and labor cases, a Criminal Court, and an Administrative Division. Judges are appointed by the executive branch of government for a period of ten years.
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