This part contains four documents and one pdf. The 1st lectureis an introduction

to the so-called 'classical shools of structuralism and their relation with 'Stucuralism'. The

2nd lecture is an introduction to Prague school and hints to its first main principle:

'distinctiveness.' the 3rd lecture is delving into the aforementioned principle:

distictiveness. the4th lecture is about the definition of 'phoneme' according to Prague

school. the last lecture which is in the form of pdf contains the different definitions of

phoneme.