Main Concepts
The Renaissance: the period of new growth of interest and activity in the areas of art, literature, and ideas in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries.
The Enlightenment: the period in the 18th century in Europe when many people began to emphasize the importance of science and reason, rather than religion and tradition
State of Nature: The way that people lived before there was any organized society
Social Contract: an agreement among the members of a society or between a society and its rulers about the rights and duties of each
Pan-Arabism: a belief that Arab people and nations should be united, ora movement to achieve such unity
Socialism: the set of beliefs that states that all people are equal and should share equally in a country's money, or the political systems based on these beliefs
Reform: to make an improvement to a system, a law, an organization, etc., in order to make it more modern or effective
References:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/
https://www.yourdictionary.com/state-of-nature